String translation table

Задача византийских генералов

Википедия: Задача византийских генералов

g1	g2	g3	g4
(1,2,x,4)	(1,2,x,4)	(1,2,x,4)	(1,2,x,4)
(1,2,y,4)	(1,2,y,4)	(1,2,y,4)	(1,2,y,4)
(a,b,c,d)	(e,f,g,h)	(1,2,3,4)	(i,j,k,l)
(1,2,z,4)	(1,2,z,4)	(1,2,z,4)	(1,2,z,4)

Как работают рекомендательные системы. Лекция в Яндексе

http://habrahabr.ru/company/yandex/blog/241455/

Data structures

Algorithms, Big-O

Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures
http://bigocheatsheet.com/

Levenshtein distance (a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences)

FuzzyWuzzy: Fuzzy String Matching in Python

# SIMPLE RATIO
fuzz.ratio("this is a test", "this is a test!")
# 96

# PARTIAL RATIO
fuzz.partial_ratio("this is a test", "this is a test!")
# 100

# TOKEN SORT RATIO
fuzz.ratio("fuzzy wuzzy was a bear", "wuzzy fuzzy was a bear")
# 90

fuzz.token_sort_ratio("fuzzy wuzzy was a bear", "wuzzy fuzzy was a bear")
# 100

# TOKEN SET RATIO
fuzz.token_sort_ratio("fuzzy was a bear", "fuzzy fuzzy was a bear")
# 84
fuzz.token_set_ratio("fuzzy was a bear", "fuzzy fuzzy was a bear")
# 100

# PROCESS
choices = ["Atlanta Falcons", "New York Jets", "New York Giants", "Dallas Cowboys"]
process.extract("new york jets", choices, limit=2)
# [('New York Jets', 100), ('New York Giants', 78)]
process.extractOne("cowboys", choices)
# ("Dallas Cowboys", 90)

Algorithms for Python

https://github.com/nryoung/algorithms
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Category:Python